You need to "create [the symbolic] link" in a new parent folder, hence use POST .../nodes/{parentFolderNodeId}/children:
Alfresco Content Services REST API Explorer
The "cm:destination" property points to the source file. It should be noted that this is a pre-existing model as currently used by Share. Here the snippets from ...
applicationModel.xml
<type name="app:filelink">
<title>File Link Object</title>
<parent>cm:link</parent>
</type>
contentModel.xml
<type name="cm:link">
<title>Link Object</title>
<parent>cm:cmobject</parent>
<properties>
<property name="cm:destination">
<title>Link Destination</title>
<type>d:noderef</type>
<mandatory>true</mandatory>
</property>
</properties>
</type>
Regards,
Jan